Jouve-Cerebrals Crystallized-Educational Scale (JCCES) 10:4 – 75 years
Authors: Xavier Jouve, Maria Faverio, Michael Woodley, Karin Lindgren & James Watterson (2003)
Description: The JCCES, the latest revision of the CCAT, is specifically intended for appraising one’s level of crystallized processing on a moderately general basis through verbally and mathematically oriented tasks.
The JCCES is a battery divided into three subtests: Verbal Analogies (VA), Mathematical Problems (MP) and General Knowledge (GK) of respectively 42, 38 and 56 items. Each part measures a distinct ability, and once taken as a whole, these tasks give a reasonably good estimate of general crystallized intelligence and scholastic ability.
The battery has been taken by thousands of persons among whom 1,039 had their answers analyzed. It yields a variety of scaled scores. Each subtest score is scaled to a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 (T scores). These standardized scores are scaled to the common metric associated with cognitive ability tests: a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. These indexes are all age-corrected deviation scaled scores of the Wechsler genre.
The T scores for the three subtests are combined to form a Crystallized-Educational Index (CEI), which is a summary of crystallized-educational ability. Moreoever, the scaled scores for the verbal subtests are used to calculate a Verbal Ability Index (VAI), which reflects one’s verbal intelligence.
The JCCES showed both excellent reliability and criterion-related-validity:
Reliability of the Crystallized-Educational Index (CEI) and the Verbal Ability Index (VAI) as checked by the corrected Split-Half coefficient proved to be very highly satisfactory (.98 and .97 respectively, N=1,039). Coefficients for the subtest T-Scores were also very appropriate and ranged from .91 to .96.
As can be seen in Table 1, validity of the two JCCES Indexes was confirmed by very high correlations with various cognitive ability and college entrance tests, including the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale Verbal Index (RIAS VIX) which is widely used by US school psychologists. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate comparisons between the JCCES and the RIAS.
Moreover, the JCCES CEI was closely related to the composites of the pre-recentering Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), the SAT-Recentered and the new SAT. Additionally, high correlations were observed between the CEI and the American College Test (ACT), the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), and the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT). Furthermore, the CEI showed excellent correlations with Full Scale IQs (FSIQ) from both the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), the world leading batteries for cognitive ability diagnosis in children and adults. The VAI was highly correlated with the Verbal IQs (VIQ) of the WISC and the WAIS.



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